The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, NNPC announced the discovery of crude oil in about 3350 square metres in the Lake Chad Basin, that links the Northern Part of Nigeria.
In a continent where natural resources are often plundered to the detriment of ordinary people, impoverished Chad the new oil frontier could become a model of fairness.
Sequel to this outstanding discovery, reports busted that Vice President Namadi Sambo of Nigeria is leading the commencement of steps towards engaging “Willing and ready investors that will facilitate speedy and timely exploration in the second phase of the exercise”
During a meeting with experts within the NNPC and other public sectors at the state House, Abuja, the Vice President said at the federal government is happy that surveys have indicated the presence of Oil in the Chad Basin.
More information coming soon.................
Tuesday, 11 September 2012
Friday, 7 September 2012
WARNING for Girls, Ladies and Women
A MUST READ FOR ALL LADIES
I read a touching, pathetic experience on one a blog, so i thought i should share it with you guys, it's about the horrifying experience of 8 girls in the hand of 8 devilish men, its a must read for all ladies out there.
"Hi, I am Tonia (not real name), a girl who has fears, beliefs, reservations and just your regular typical Nigerian girl. This past few weeks has been one hell of a game for me. I have really been unsettled and I thought I share this story with you.
"When Cynthia (the lady killed in the hotel room in Festac, Lagos) surfaced on the internet and various news media, I was scared and it brought back a whole lot of memories to me and also served as and eye opener. Many people castigated and criticised Cynthia (may her
gentle soul rest in peace), but my point is, it could have been anybody, anybody at all.
"We have met people through various social media. Some have ended up well, some have not but with painful memories. To cut the long story short, let me kindly share with you my encounter with social media especially the very popular Blackberry Messenger (BBM).
"I am a graduate and currently serving in Kaduna. I could have crunched
it, but I needed somewhere to clear my head and forget about my ugly encounter. Here is my story.
"I happened to have a married man as a contact on my BBM. He had been asking me out for over six months and I refused to date him. As time went on, he invited me clubbing with him when his wife was outside the country, and I went with him all night. We spent most of the night at Swe bar, Lagos.
"I also met his clique of friends, married as well with their various mistresses. We had 'mad' fun. After all the clubbing and drinking, he lodged me in a hotel somewhere in Obalende. I felt sort of safe with him. We did not have sex, but he made sweet love to me and touched me in places I had never ever imagined.
"He kissed me passionately but guess what? He did not have sex with me. We did all sorts but there was no penetration. So, to an extent, I trusted he was a good person to be around with. I did not know that it was all part of the plan.
"He gave me N10,000 and put me in a cab to go home the next morning. We kept talking and chatting and sending naked pictures to each other and he told me naughty things of how he wanted to whisper things in my ear, I blushed. We didn't see for two weeks and that was because his wife just came back from Turkey.
"One faithful evening, he pinged me that he was organizing a beach party/boat cruise and that he would love for me to be his date and that he wanted to open a BBM chat, as a medium for his friends and my friends to interact. I was excited about it, I just wanted to have fun. I was able to get five of my very hot friends.
"The BBM group opened and we got chatting. I also realize that majority of them were married and working in reputable firms. It was fun and we didn't mind if they were married, we just wanted to have fun, as well as some other girls apart from my friends in the group.
"We chatted exclusively, sent pictures to the BBM group to introduce ourselves, and we had opened group conversations pending the beach party. And as excited as we were, we went shoping for nice sexy beach wears.
"The D-day finally came, we all assembled at the Lagos Island Boat Club. I was wowed because it was a high class party. We were cruising in a boat loaded with goodies drinks and hot babes, and as well 'MARRIED MEN'. I did not care, I just said in my mind that I would not roll with married men anymore after this, that for now, all I wanted to do was to catch some fun. After all, I wasn't paying bills.
"We got there, it was a private beach resort. Most of the beach facilities I got to see there were owned by multinational companies. We got out of the boat, and went to where we were partying. It was a duplex made with wood. It was a very nice setting.
"I felt comfortable because it even had a fence around it separating it from other beach houses around. So, there was privacy and of course bouncers (heavy looking guys) guarding the place. I said to myself, this must be heaven, I must be dreaming.
"Anyways, we felt free with each other because we had been chatting. It was 5:30pm and the party just started. We had drinks flowing from the private bar tender which happens to be owned by one of the men in the group. Reality struck when I realized that I was feeling dizzy and feeling really funny and light headed. Not only me, but other girls around me too noticed there was something strange about it.
"I was also feeling HORNY as hell! I had been drugged. They monitored us and when they knew the drug had really gone deep into our system, they moved us up into the main beach house. I could still see faces, but was too weak and horny to react.
"Mr B, the man who took me clubbing, carried me in his hands like a sacrifice and put me down on the floor just as other men also did with their girls. We were eight in numbers; 8 girls, 8 guys, and they all stripped us down and had sex with us.
"I enjoyed it a bit because I was horny. It was a mixed feeling because I cried, I moaned, but I did not know how many times he came into me. He pounded me hard. I was dizzy, but he grabbed me with force. All I could notice was the wedding ring on his finger. I thought of how wicked and miserable some married can be. How inhuman and heartless they could be.
"All of them took turns in switching partners and slept with all of us. I passed out. That was the last thing I could remember. I felt water poured on me. I noticed all the other girls around me too were half naked and some stark naked.
"We spent the night at the beach, but the men were no where to be found. I looked round me and all I could see was packs of used condoms. I ran to pick my cloths and possibly raise an alarm. I got dressed, found my phone with an envelope. It contained N16,000 and a note asking us to take N2000 each for transport. Tears of anger and rage filled my eyes and the girls around me as well.
"We were drugged and used like tissue paper. I grabbed my phone and noticed a ping came in. I checked my phone and I noticed the BBM group had been deleted, and a message via BBM from MR B came in. He threatened me that if I say a word to anyone, I would regret it.
"I told him he was a bastard, and he said try it. A picture came in, several pictures. In fact, they were pictures of us being naked on the floor. Pictures of the humiliating us but they blurred the faces of the men. In total, I got 20 pictures. I was not myself for a month.
"I went back to school, I had no one to talk to. The rest of the semester was hell for me. My CGPA dropped drastically. It was the worst out of the worst result I ever had.
"Till today, my friends and I have not discussed this with anyone, but all I could do when I heard of Cynthia's story was to narrate my own ordeal anonymously and spread the news, the word, and pray they see it and changed their ways.
"I am now born again. I have given my life to Christ. I fear men so much that I cannot even move close to them. I still have nightmares, but with time, God will strengthen me and I will move on. My advice to single ladies out there is, do not be desperate for fun. Pray to God to open your eyes of understanding, and pray hard. He who kneels before God will stand before kings and queens.
"To all married women, pray hard to God to intervene in your marriages and turn your husbands from bad habits to and bad friends. As for me, I do not think I ever want to get married or date a man again. That chapter has been closed for good in my life.
Please, do not ignore my mail. Please post it. There are a lot of things we ladies need to learn including you. Please post it on your blog and save a soul. It could be your friend, sister, cousin, neighbor.
"God bless you as you pass it on. To all readers, I do not care if you insult me or rain abuses at me. My job is to share this encounter with you and save you from any mishap. God bless you all. Amen."
Sunday, 2 September 2012
Kogi, Enugu and Anambra Quarrel over Oil Wells within their respective States..
As President Goodluck Jonathan inaugurated the first oil refinery in Anambra State, the Kogi State government stepped forward
to stake a claim to the oil wells that will serve the refinery.
President Jonathan opened the refinery being built by Orient Petroleum at Aguleri Otu in Anambra East local government area and declared Anambra an oil producing state.
But moments later across the border in Kogi State, Governor Idris Wada said in a statement: “Kogi will be a major stake holder in the refinery, considering the fact the oil wells that will service the refinery are in Odeke Community in Ibaji Local Government Area of the state.”
Wada made the claim in a statement issued from the office of his deputy Yomi Awoniyi, a day after a community group issued a public notice saying that the oil deposits claimed by Anambra State are within the Odeke community of Kogi State.
Governor Wada said in the statement yesterday that the state “is doing everything humanly possible to resolve the issues surrounding the location of the oil wells with the contending states.”
The statement ended on a note of optimism: “Kogi State will soon join the league of oil producing states in the country.”
But speaking yesterday at the ceremony to kick-start his company’s oil refinery in Anambra State, Orient Petroleum chairman Chief Emeka Anyaoku said the controversy over ownership of the oil deposits has been resolved and that the ‘bulk’ of the deposits are within Anambra territory.
He however added that any state where oil was found and drilled by Orient Petroleum would be accorded due recognition.
“There was misconception that the oil well was not entirely in Anambra, that has been resolved through the map of Nigeria. Let me quickly state that the two oil blocks encompassed parts of Enugu, Kogi, Delta and Edo states but bulk of it is in Anambra,” Anyaoku said.
He said in addition to the private shareholders, other bodies that have shares in the company include Anambra, Rivers, Kogi and the 21 local government areas of the state.
Speaking at the commissioning of the refinery, President Jonathan said the Federal Government was committed to oil exploration in all the sedimentary basins and commended the oil company for pioneering the inland crude oil production in the country.
“The good news is not Orient Oil and Anambra basin alone, the good news is for all our sedimentary basins all over the country,” Jonathan said. He said it would give confidence to other investors to invest in other inland sedimentary basins.
Jonathan urged operators in the oil industry, especially those at the upstream sector, not to think only about exporting crude oil but should also add value to it and export refined products.
“We have a lot of gas resources in Anambra Basin from meteorological records,” he said.
“Orient Petroleum has helped us not just in producing the crude oil but adding value to the crude oil. As a nation, we should not continue to think that we will be exporting crude oil materials abroad.
“The vision of Orient to diversify into refining and power generation, among others is the way to go. People who refine crude oil make more money than us who export the crude commodity,” he added.
Anyaoku said crude refining by the company would commence by next year, and that when the refining facility was completed about 20,000 litres of crude would be refined daily.
In his remarks, Governor Peter Obi, assured that he would continue to partner with the company to develop the oil sector of the state.
‘The oil belongs to Kogi’
Meanwhile, a group called Ibaji Development Association (IDA) warned that the oil wells OPL 915 and 916 are located in Kogi and not Anambra State as claimed by Orient Petroleum which is carrying out exploration in the area.
In a message to President Jonathan ahead of his visit to the area yesterday, IDA said “the area where the current productive oil well is located is in Odeke community in Ibaji Local Government Area of Kogi state and not in Anambra State.”
“Oil exploration activities leading to the successful access to crude oil were carried out in Kogi state within Odeke, Echeno, Ehile, Anocha and Omabo communities by Orient Petroleum Plc. Workers of this company actually rented houses in these communities as quarters for their staff for the final phase 1 of oil well production testing of these wells. Phase 2 is due at the end of September 2012 in Uchuchu, Ikah, Iregwu and Ujeh also within Ibaji local government area of Kogi state,” the group said.
IDA said Ibaji area was in conflict with the people of Agulere and Otuocha in Anambra State over ownership of the oil wells since 1994 which led to loss of lives and property.
The association called on President Jonathan to officially declare Kogi as an oil producing state saying “our non-resistant stance should not be misconstrued to mean cowardice, even in the face of glaring provocation from Anambra state, whose communities are already head over heels over the benefits of the oil wells that do not belong to them.”
Friday, 31 August 2012
Presidency exposes oil marketers
~*~ WHAT a WICKED Country ???
*** Presidency exposes oil marketers
.
* Lists 6 ways they defraud NIGERIA:
*** MORE facts have emerged from the report of the Presidential Task Force on Fuel Subsidy Fund management as a top presidency official has disclosed six ways the marketers defrauded the country as discovered by the Aig Imoukhuede review committee.
Speaking in confidence to the Nigerian Tribune, the official stated that the marketers operated a sophisticated ring, which was only uncovered by forensic experts engaged by the Federal Ministry of Finance, adding we were all shocked with the depth of the scam and the tricks adopted by the perpetrators.
Admitting that he was not authorized to release the details, the official, however, affirmed that disclosing the full details would allow Nigerians to appreciate the level of rot within the society and what he called the passionate struggle of Mr President and the coordinating minister for the economy to sanitize the economy.
# According to the official, the first approach in the defrauding process involved the importation of products to fulfill supply contracts to the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and after presentation of documents to NNPC as evidence of supply, the products were then diverted to another vessel by ship to ship transfer.
Fresh Bill of Lading is generated, new Form M established and the same product is supplied to Nigeria a second time under the petroleum subsidy scheme. The products which have already been paid for by NNPC are then used to claim subsidy from the Federal Government. Effectively double dipping into the nation's pocket, he narrated.
# The second, which he called fake or false vessels declaration involved the identification of a dead or decommissioned vessel or using the name of live vessel which was not in Nigerian waters.
This, according to him, would be followed by the creation of Form M containing the fake or false vessel information while a Bill of Lading containing this false information, would also be generated, adding that no product is imported into Nigeria but fake vessel documentation is used to claim subsidy from the Federal Government.
# The third one the official called On-Shore Tank Back-Loading involved a genuine importation and discharge of products into On Shore Tanks in Nigeria while another vessel would berth at the jetty and the products would then be loaded back onto the vessel and exported out of Nigeria with the importer selling the product to recoup their initial funds outlay.
The original documents are then presented to Petroleum Products Pricing Regulatory Agency (PPPRA) and subsidy is claimed for products that were never sold in Nigeria, he said.
# The fourth approach is called the Land Border Smuggling through which a genuine importation of products would take place and the products trucked across a land border for sale outside Nigeria at near international market price while the shipping documents are then used to claim subsidy from Nigeria for products that were never sold in Nigeria.
# The Fifth approach also listed Bills for Collection Round Tripping as a common method adopted by the marketers, which involved the importer claiming that they had access to foreign credit facilities to finance their importation but would proceed to declare the fake vessel on the Form M alongside Bill of Lading containing false vessel information.
The documents are presented to PPPRA and subsidy is collected for products that were never imported into Nigeria.
The subsidy profit is then used to remit scarce foreign exchange out of Nigeria, he stated.
# The last method according to the official is the Rice and Beans method, which is perpetrated using the kerosene subsidy scam.
Because of the excessive profit made on kerosene imports, importers of kerosene illegally mix the kerosene with diesel (what is called Rice and Beans) to create adulterated diesel at a much lower cost than the landed cost of unadulterated diesel.
The adulterated diesel is then sold at slightly below diesel market price, the official narrated.
*** On what is being done to stop a re-occurrence of this scam, the top presidency official noted that President Jonathan had ordered water-tight procedure for verification of subsidy payments and the Finance Minister had got a marching order to scrutinise and closely vet claims.
The administration is putting in place measures that will never allow such practices to occur again.
The Minister of Finance is effecting presidential directive in that direction, the official stated.
Wednesday, 15 August 2012
SECURITY UPDATE
We will soon put insecurity behind us - IGP
In what look like rebirth of the Nigeria Police, Monday, the Inspector General of Police, Mohammed Dikko Abubakar assured Nigerians that the security situation in the country is heading for improvement, just as he charged 41 newly promoted senior officers to
halt the criminals plaguing the country.
Abubakar said In his congratulatory message shortly after he decorated the newly promoted officers with their new ranks at Force Headquarters, Abuja, that they must see their promotion as additional responsibility and impetus to bring the security situation under their control.
The IGP said that they are expected to justifiably account for their new positions, as a mark of appreciation to the Police authority, the government and people of Nigeria. He enjoined them to impart to their subordinates, the qualities of leadership that saw them merit their elevation.
Abubakar challenged the officers to key into the reformatory spirit of the present Police administration in the fight against corruption in all ramifications, the battle against terrorism, kidnapping, armed robbery and criminality in all spheres and definitions.
The Nigeria police had suffered several defeats in hands of Boko Haram sect who over ran their stations and killed their personnel including everybody on site. The activities of the rampaging sect led to the removal of the former IGP Hafiz Rigim and the appointment of Abubakar.
Abubakar said that he is optimistic that Nigerians are about to witness “the emergence of a well-motivated and proactive Police Force, with capacity to adequately handle the security challenges of the nation; and that not long from now, the security situation in the country will improve substantially”.
The IGP used the opportunity to thank Nigerians for their cooperation with the Police in recent times, as evidenced in successes recorded in the fight against crime and criminality in different parts of the country. He also expressed his profound gratitude to the Federal and some State governments, for various supports given to spur the Force in the discharge of its responsibility. He assured Nigerians of the willingness of Force to perform even better, its duty of providing security for all, notwithstanding current challenges
The decoration followed the elevation of 41 police officers announced by the Police Service Commission on August 1,including one hundred and thirty-two (132) Senior Officers, ninety-one (91) Assistant Commissioners of Police who were elevated to the rank of Deputy Commissioners of Police (DCPs).
In addition to the newly promoted DCPs, is a list of 41 other newly promoted senior Police officers. A break-drown of the list showed that 1 Assistant Inspector-General of Police (AIG) was promoted to the rank of Deputy Inspector-General of Police (DIG), while 8 Commissioners of Police are elevated to the rank of Assistant-Inspectors General of Police (AIGs). Also promoted are 32 Deputy Commissioners of Police, to the substantive rank of Commissioners of Police.
The newly promoted DIG, Philemon I. Leha, MILR, psc+ was born on 14th January, 1954 at Numan, Adamawa State. He began the pursuit of his education at Bille Primary School in 1959 and thereafter proceeded to Bronnum Secondary School, Numan, in 1967. At the end of his Secondary School career in 1971, he gained admission into Bauchi Teachers’ College, Bauchi and obtained his Grade II Teachers’ Certificate in 1973. Philemon I. Leha proceeded to Federal School of Arts and Science, Mubi in 1975, where he obtained his Higher School certificate (HSC) in 1977 and went to Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, to bag his B.A. (Hons) in History. Young Philemon Leha did his National Youth Service at Ijesa-Isu-Ekiti Community Secondary School in 1980/81. After a break, he returned to the academia in 1991 to obtain a Masters Degree in Industrial and Labour Relations from the University of Ibadan.
In pursuit of his strong desire to serve his fatherland, DIG Philemon I. Leha enlisted into the Nigeria Police Force as a Cadet Assistant Superintendent of Police on 1st December, 1981 and has continued in the service of the Force, in different parts of the country, in various capacities and responsibilities, till this memorable day of his decoration as a DIG. He ran through the ranks to attain his present rank. He was promoted to Commissioner of Police while serving in acting capacity in the Office of the Commissioner of Police, Police Mobile Force (PMF) in Force Headquarters, Abuja and was shortly after, deployed as CP to the Anambra State Police Command. Leha was redeployed to the Office of Commissioner of Police in-charge PMF, in FHQ-Abuja, where fortune smiled on him with promotion to the rank of AIG. This resulted in his redeployment to Kano as the AIG in-charge of Zone 1 of the Nigeria Police Force (comprising Kano, Katsina and Jigawa States), where he served until his present elevation to the exalted rank of DIG.
DIG Philemon I. Leha has attended several professional Courses in various Institutions, including the prestigious Police Staff College, Jos where he had his Cadet ASP Course and several other courses, including Senior Command Course, in 2001. His commitment to duties, diligence, dedication and hard-work earned him several Awards and Commendation in the Force, including Peace Ambassador by World Peace Federation, among others. His promotion to DIG, it needs be said, is a product of divine destiny.
Among the eight newly promoted and decorated AIGs, are two specialists. The first is AIG Alex E. Okeke, a pharmacist who currently heads the Police Medical Services. He is first Police Pharmacist to rise to the rank of AIG. He is also the first Police Pharmacist to head the Police Medical Services. The second officer is AIG Julius A. Ishola, a Veterinary Doctor who heads the Police Animal Section. The remaining six AIGs are General Duty officers who before now were Commissioners of Police in-charge of various Police Commands across the federation.
In what look like rebirth of the Nigeria Police, Monday, the Inspector General of Police, Mohammed Dikko Abubakar assured Nigerians that the security situation in the country is heading for improvement, just as he charged 41 newly promoted senior officers to
halt the criminals plaguing the country.
Abubakar said In his congratulatory message shortly after he decorated the newly promoted officers with their new ranks at Force Headquarters, Abuja, that they must see their promotion as additional responsibility and impetus to bring the security situation under their control.
The IGP said that they are expected to justifiably account for their new positions, as a mark of appreciation to the Police authority, the government and people of Nigeria. He enjoined them to impart to their subordinates, the qualities of leadership that saw them merit their elevation.
Abubakar challenged the officers to key into the reformatory spirit of the present Police administration in the fight against corruption in all ramifications, the battle against terrorism, kidnapping, armed robbery and criminality in all spheres and definitions.
The Nigeria police had suffered several defeats in hands of Boko Haram sect who over ran their stations and killed their personnel including everybody on site. The activities of the rampaging sect led to the removal of the former IGP Hafiz Rigim and the appointment of Abubakar.
Abubakar said that he is optimistic that Nigerians are about to witness “the emergence of a well-motivated and proactive Police Force, with capacity to adequately handle the security challenges of the nation; and that not long from now, the security situation in the country will improve substantially”.
The IGP used the opportunity to thank Nigerians for their cooperation with the Police in recent times, as evidenced in successes recorded in the fight against crime and criminality in different parts of the country. He also expressed his profound gratitude to the Federal and some State governments, for various supports given to spur the Force in the discharge of its responsibility. He assured Nigerians of the willingness of Force to perform even better, its duty of providing security for all, notwithstanding current challenges
The decoration followed the elevation of 41 police officers announced by the Police Service Commission on August 1,including one hundred and thirty-two (132) Senior Officers, ninety-one (91) Assistant Commissioners of Police who were elevated to the rank of Deputy Commissioners of Police (DCPs).
In addition to the newly promoted DCPs, is a list of 41 other newly promoted senior Police officers. A break-drown of the list showed that 1 Assistant Inspector-General of Police (AIG) was promoted to the rank of Deputy Inspector-General of Police (DIG), while 8 Commissioners of Police are elevated to the rank of Assistant-Inspectors General of Police (AIGs). Also promoted are 32 Deputy Commissioners of Police, to the substantive rank of Commissioners of Police.
The newly promoted DIG, Philemon I. Leha, MILR, psc+ was born on 14th January, 1954 at Numan, Adamawa State. He began the pursuit of his education at Bille Primary School in 1959 and thereafter proceeded to Bronnum Secondary School, Numan, in 1967. At the end of his Secondary School career in 1971, he gained admission into Bauchi Teachers’ College, Bauchi and obtained his Grade II Teachers’ Certificate in 1973. Philemon I. Leha proceeded to Federal School of Arts and Science, Mubi in 1975, where he obtained his Higher School certificate (HSC) in 1977 and went to Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, to bag his B.A. (Hons) in History. Young Philemon Leha did his National Youth Service at Ijesa-Isu-Ekiti Community Secondary School in 1980/81. After a break, he returned to the academia in 1991 to obtain a Masters Degree in Industrial and Labour Relations from the University of Ibadan.
In pursuit of his strong desire to serve his fatherland, DIG Philemon I. Leha enlisted into the Nigeria Police Force as a Cadet Assistant Superintendent of Police on 1st December, 1981 and has continued in the service of the Force, in different parts of the country, in various capacities and responsibilities, till this memorable day of his decoration as a DIG. He ran through the ranks to attain his present rank. He was promoted to Commissioner of Police while serving in acting capacity in the Office of the Commissioner of Police, Police Mobile Force (PMF) in Force Headquarters, Abuja and was shortly after, deployed as CP to the Anambra State Police Command. Leha was redeployed to the Office of Commissioner of Police in-charge PMF, in FHQ-Abuja, where fortune smiled on him with promotion to the rank of AIG. This resulted in his redeployment to Kano as the AIG in-charge of Zone 1 of the Nigeria Police Force (comprising Kano, Katsina and Jigawa States), where he served until his present elevation to the exalted rank of DIG.
DIG Philemon I. Leha has attended several professional Courses in various Institutions, including the prestigious Police Staff College, Jos where he had his Cadet ASP Course and several other courses, including Senior Command Course, in 2001. His commitment to duties, diligence, dedication and hard-work earned him several Awards and Commendation in the Force, including Peace Ambassador by World Peace Federation, among others. His promotion to DIG, it needs be said, is a product of divine destiny.
Among the eight newly promoted and decorated AIGs, are two specialists. The first is AIG Alex E. Okeke, a pharmacist who currently heads the Police Medical Services. He is first Police Pharmacist to rise to the rank of AIG. He is also the first Police Pharmacist to head the Police Medical Services. The second officer is AIG Julius A. Ishola, a Veterinary Doctor who heads the Police Animal Section. The remaining six AIGs are General Duty officers who before now were Commissioners of Police in-charge of various Police Commands across the federation.
Wednesday, 8 August 2012
NIGERIA ETHNIC GROUPS
NIGERIA ETHNIC GROUPS
The ethnicity of Nigeria is so varied that there is no definition of a Nigerian beyond that of someone who lives within the borders of the country.
The boundaries of the formerly English colony were drawn to serve commercial interests, largely without regard for the territorial claims of the indigenous peoples. As a result, about three hundred ethnic groups comprise the population of Nigeria, and the country's unity has been consistently under siege: eight attempts at secession threatened national unity between 1914 and 1977. The Biafran War was the last of the secessionist movements within this period.
The concept of ethnicity requires definition. Ukpo calls an "ethnic group" a "group of people having a common language and cultural values". These common factors are emphasized by frequent interaction between the people in the group. In Nigeria, the ethnic groups are occasionally fusions created by intermarriage, intermingling and/or assimilation. In such fusions, the groups of which they are composed maintain a limited individual identity. The groups are thus composed of smaller groups, but there is as much difference between even the small groups; as Chief Obafemi Awolowo put it, as much "as there is between Germans, English, Russians and Turks".
The count of three hundred ethnic groups cited above overwhelmingly enumerates ethnic minority groups, those which do not comprise a majority in the region in which they live. These groups usually do not have a political voice, nor do they have access to resources or the technology needed to develop and modernize economically. They therefore often consider themselves discriminated against, neglected, or oppressed. There are only three ethnic groups which have attained "ethnic majority" status in their respective regions: the Hausa-Fulani in the north, the Ibo in the southeast, and the Yoruba (Soyinka's group) in the southwest.
We must be very careful to avoid the use of the term "tribe" to describe these ethnic groups. "Tribe," Ukpo points out, is largely a racist term. The Ibo and Hausa-Fulani of Nigeria are each made up of five to ten million people, a figure comparable to the number of, say, Scots, Welsh, Armenians, Serbs or Croats. Yet we do not refer to the latter groups as "tribes." The term "tribe" is almost exclusively, and very indifferently, applied to peoples of Native American or African origin. It is a label which emerged with imperialism in its application to those who were non-European and lived in a "colonial or semi-colonial dependency...in Asia, Africa and Latin America". As we are attempting to discard the prejudices of imperialism it is in our best interests to discard the use of the term "tribe" when referring to the ethnic groups of Nigeria.
With that in mind, we should dabble in brief definitions of the major ethnic groups of Nigeria. The majority groups, as stated above, are the Hausa-Fulani, Ibo and Yoruba.
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